The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.